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Music

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Earth is the water planet.

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Although forty percent of Earth's population

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lives within or near coastal regions,

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the ocean impacts people everywhere.

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Most of Earth's water

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is stored in the ocean - a driving force

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for weather and climate.

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The Earth's surface is warmed unevenly

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by the sun.  Heat, a form of energy,

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helps drive ocean and atmospheric circulation.

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The ocean absorbs and stores more heat than

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the atmosphere.   Both the atmosphere and ocean move heat;

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the atmosphere does this quickly, the ocean slowly.

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Music

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At the ocean's surface, winds drive currents.

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Multiple forces keep the global ocean conveyor belt

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or Thermohaline Circulation in

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perpetual motion.  Below the surface,

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deeper currents are driven by differences in density.

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Music

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Mixing and upwelling in the ocean, transport

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nutrient rich waters to the ocean's surface.

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Nutrients sustain biological productivity in the ocean.

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Extreme variations in sea surface height and sea surface temperature

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affect ocean and atmospheric circulation.

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Music

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El Nino and La Nina

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occur when changing wind patterns displace

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warm and cool water in the equatorial Pacific.

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Both have global impacts.

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During either of these

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events the replacement of cold water by warm water

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leads to air temperature swings and changes in humidity.

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This alters weather patterns by steering storms

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and rainfall to new locations.

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Shifts in rainfall affect plant growth

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and areas impacted by drought.

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When heat is exchanged between the ocean's surface to the

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atmosphere, it influences climate.  For example,

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heat and moisture carried by the Gulf Stream northward bring warmer

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temperatures and a moderate climate to Europe.

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An eddy is a circular moving body of water that spins

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off a main current.  Eddies play a major role transporting heat

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and nutrients.

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Thunderstorms are a frequent

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occurrence in the tropics.  Some of these may become

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organized into large rotating systems with strong winds,

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growing into tropical storms or hurricanes.

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Tropical ocean basins

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like the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico retain

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substantial heat making these regions favorable for

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rapid storm intensification.

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By extracting large amounts of heat

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from the ocean, storms can become massive and

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destructive hurricanes.

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Music

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Silence

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Music

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A driving force for weather and climate,

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the ocean is essential to life on Earth.

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It is the primary storehouse of Earth's water.

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Music

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Without the ocean

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our planet would be uninhabitable.

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NASA satellites

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and their unique view from space are helping

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to unveil the vast and largely unexplored

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ocean.

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Music